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经济学人双语精读:The MBA disrupted:被颠覆的MBA

日期:2019-11-05 16:23:35

本期导读

本期精读原文选自20190921期经济学人Finance and economics版块,主要分析了人类是如何适应气候变化,以及可能带来的影响和利弊。

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精读节选

The MBA disrupted

The future of management education
管理教育的未来
We have obtained a copy of a recent letter to a business dean
我们收到一封最近给商学院院长的来信

Dean名词,用来指职位时,可以指学校某个系的系主任,或者是学院院长

She is the new dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences.
她是社会科学院的新任院长。

The Dean of Medicine 医学系系主任
Dean这个名词还可以指(某行业或活动中的)元老,前辈,权威,泰斗,资深人物:

Parsons is the dean of the TV news correspondents at Channel Nine.
帕森斯是9频道电视新闻记者中的元老。
此外,在说到经验丰富的“资深人物”,除了用形容词experienced,还可以用名词veteran。Veteran作名词讲,指退伍军人,还可以指经验丰富的人,老手:

Western scrap-industry veterans
西方废料业资深人士

She's also a veteran/experienced campaigner for human rights.
她还是一位经验丰富的人权活动家。

Dear Dean Whiteboard,

尊敬的白板院长,
1. ON BEHALF OF the trustees of the Gordon Gekko Business School, I write with a helicopter view on our beloved institution. There is good news and bad. First, congratulations are in order. Under your leadership, GorGeBS has again been named by The Economist as one of the world’s top 100 business schools.
我在此代表戈登盖柯商学院的理事,提笔简略写写我们热爱的商学院。有好消息也有坏消息。首先是好消息,祝贺您。在您的领导下,戈登盖柯商学院再次被《经济学人》评为全球百强商学院之一。

第一段开题,讲述了这封信的目的。并先说了有关商学院的好消息。

精读讲解
ON BEHALF OF the trustees of the Gordon Gekko Business School, I write with a helicopter view on our beloved institution.

Trustee的词源是trust,在朗文词典中有两个释义,一个是(金钱或财产的)受托人;一个是(公司、学院或其他机构的)理事、董事。通常在说到学校、政府机构、非盈利机构等的董事、理事时,常会用到trustee或governor;在说到公司的董事时,常会用director: 

A school governor 学校董事
the board of governors of the college 学院董事会
Board of trustees 受托人理事会,或直接翻译为理事会也可以
Board of directors 董事会
文中作者以戈登盖柯商学院理事的口吻写了这封信。

Gordon Gekko戈登盖柯是于1987年上映的电影《华尔街》中的主人公,他是一位叱咤金融界的股市大亨,人人敬仰,具有非常灵活的商业头脑,在随时随地上演的金融大战中,他总能赶尽杀绝,为累积财富毫不留情。其中最著名的一句台词是:Greed, for lack of a better word, is good。

文中所说的“戈登盖柯商学院”实际上并不存在,这里只是代指了MBA的精英商学院,以此来展开对MBA教育的探讨。在后面将其简写为了GorGeBS。

Helicopter view在词典中的释义为a general description or opinion of a situation, rather than a detailed one简略描述,与in brief同义

Beloved institution,这里的institution代指的是商学院。
 
精读讲解
First, congratulations are in order.
这里的In order指的依次、按顺序。前一句中作者说了有好消息,还有坏消息。紧跟着作者就先祝贺,说好消息。什么好消息呢?紧跟着就说精英商学院的地位还是十分强势的。
 
2. The bad news is that our best-of-breed status is in jeopardy because the very business model of our school faces tectonic challenges. Demand is plunging. Our MBA applications are down by a quarter. Across America, applications to business schools have fallen for five years in a row. Even at Harvard, they are down this year by about 6%.

坏消息是,由于我们学院的商业模式面临巨大挑战,我们的优等教育地位岌岌可危。需求正在暴跌。我们的MBA申请下降了四分之一。在美国,申请商学院的人数已经连续五年下降。即便是哈佛,今年申请人数也下降了6%。

第二段开始解释坏消息:这些精英商学院的优等教育地位岌岌可危,并佐以数据例证。

精读讲解
The bad news is that our best-of-breed status is in jeopardy because the very business model of our school faces tectonic challenges.
第一段简短地说完好消息后,作者开始分析坏消息:优等教育地位岌岌可危。
Breed作名词讲,可以指(动植物的)品种,种类,也可以指不同类型的人或物的种类,文中best-of-breed status(品种)最优的地位,再比如:

A breed of dog/cat/horse/sheep/cattle
某个品种的狗/猫/马/羊/牛
A new breed of film-maker

新一代电影导演
A new breed of international criminal
新型国际罪犯地壳构造的

Jeopardy名词,危险,in jeopardy处于危险之中,可与in danger替换;其动词为jeopardize:

The lives of thousands of birds are in jeopardy as a result of the oil spill.
石油泄漏使成千上万只鸟的生命受到威胁。
Tectonic形容词,本意指地壳构造的,引申义用来指(变化、发展等)非常重要的;具有重大影响的,可与significant, substantial, major, earthshaking等替换:

He led the company through a period of tectonic shifts in the movie industry.
他领导公司度过了一段电影业发生了翻天覆地变化的时期。

The process of writing is in the midst of a tectonic change caused by changes in the technology writers use.
写作过程正在经历一场巨大变革,这是由作者们所使用的科技引发的。
 
精读讲解
Across America, applications to business schools have fallen for five years in a row.

在表述“连续N天/月/年”这样的概念时,在外刊中常见的表达有以下几种:
For N consecutive days and counting(注意and counting有持续增长的意思)
N Successive days

N days/months/years, etc. running(这里注意running置于数字和year、day或time等名词后,表示同样的事一再重复,连续)
N days/months/years, etc. in a row
for hours, days, etc. on end连续数小时/几天(等等)
 
3. One reason is a drop in international applicants, many of whom are put off by America’s anti-immigration policies. But before you rush to blame all those law graduates staffing up government departments, the bigger factor is that we are charging too much. Our MBA costs nearly twice as much as it did a decade ago, but nobody believes we are delivering twice as much value.

一个原因是国际申请学生的下降,许多学生被美国的反移民政策拒之门外。但是先别急着指责那些就职于政府部门的法学毕业生,更重要的原因是我们收费过高。我们的MBA课程费几乎是10年前的2倍,但是没人相信我们提供的课程价值是10年前的2倍。

第三段开始解释商学院面临的挑战,第一个是国际申请学生的下降;第二个是收费过高。

精读讲解
One reason is a drop in international applicants, many of whom are put off by America’s anti-immigration policies.
Put sb off在这里是取消、撤销。
 
精读讲解
But before you rush to blame all those law graduates staffing up government departments, the bigger factor is that we are charging too much.

Before从句所指之事,有时其实是肯定不发生或者是要避免发生的,当表达这个意思时,翻译成“在……之前”就不太合适了。此时的before隐含了否定的意义,因此文中翻译为了“不要急着……”更符合语境,而不是“在急着……之前”。一些通常同否定相联系的副词,也会出现在before引导的从句之中,比如:

The Fed would tolerate a recession before again permitting inflation to go bunkers.
联储大概会宁可容忍一次衰退,也不会再让通货膨胀成为脱缰之马。

Before she had even buckled herself in, the craft was airborne.
她还没来得及扣好坐稳,直升机就离地升空。

Staff名词,员工,作动词讲,指成为员工,(为机构)提供人员:
Many charity shops in Britain are staffed by/with volunteers.
英国很多慈善商店的工作人员全都是志愿者。
 
4. We are also failing to grapple with technological disruption. The time I spent getting my MBA on our leafy campus by the fountainhead of the River Rand constituted two of the best years of my life. Even so, I am beginning to think that your dogged defence of a bricks-and-mortar strategy is wrong-headed. Online business education can deliver world-class thought leadership, too.

我们也未能应对技术颠覆。我在兰德河源头绿树成荫的校园里攻读MBA的时光,是我人生中最美好的两年。即便如此,我开始认为,你执意死守实体战略是错误的。在线商业教育也可以提供一流的思想领导力。

第四段继续解释商学院面临的挑战:第三个是技术颠覆。

精读讲解
We are also failing to grapple with technological disruption.
Fail to do sth本意指失败,后多用来指未能做到某事,可以指“想做而做不成”,也可以指 “本应该做而没有做”,也是外刊中的常见表达:

In fact, I fail to see the slightest reason for bringing these points up.
实际上,我看不出有丝毫理由把这几点扯出来。
Many of the country’s beaches fail to meet minimum standards of cleanliness.
这个国家的海滩,有许多不符合的卫生标准。

Grapple with sth
Grapple本意指“扭打、打斗”,常见搭配grapple with,与某人扭打,比如;
Two men grappled with a guard at the door.
两个男人和一个门卫在门口扭打。

在扭打打斗时通常都是想方设法地制服对方,因此grapple with引申义为尽力解决,设法理解(难题),比如:
China begins to grapple with trademark infringement of its own brands.
中国开始想方设法解决自有品牌的商标侵权问题。(TE20181006期)
The Government has to grapple with the problem of unemployment.
政府必须尽力解决失业问题。
Molly’s upstairs grappling with her maths homework.
莫莉在楼上绞尽脑汁地做数学家庭作业

精读讲解
The time (I spent getting my MBA on our leafy campus by the fountainhead of the River Rand) constituted two of the best years of my life.
主句为The time constituted two of the best years of my life,括号中的部分为定语从句修饰主语the time,定语从句中省略了先行词that。

Leafy形容词,本意指多树木的;多植物的,常用来形容“绿树成荫的”,可与luxuriant替换:
Leafy suburbs 树木茂密的郊区
A leafy lane/suburb 绿树成阴的小巷/郊区
 (注意区分luxuriant和luxurious,前者是植物生长茂盛的,郁郁葱葱的;后者是豪华奢侈的,金碧辉煌的)

精读讲解
Even so, I am beginning to think that your dogged defence of a bricks-and-mortar strategy is wrong-headed.

Dogged 形容词,下定决心的,坚决的,可与determined替换:
Her ambition and dogged determination ensured that she rose to the top of her profession.
远大的志向和顽强的意志使她成为行业的佼佼者。

Bricks and mortar字面意思指砖和泥浆,中间不加连字符可以指“房产;有形资产”,中间加连字符可以用作形容词Bricks-and-mortar 指实体的、线下的,与“online线上的”对应:
I was nearly 40 when I finally invested in bricks and mortar.
我快40了才置下一处房产。
Consumers also are shopping more at home, shunning brick-and-mortar retail for e-commerce.

消费者们现在更多的是在家网购,避免了去实体店购物。
Wrongheaded 形容词,判断错误的;执迷不悟的:
He admitted that the party had followed policies now considered wrongheaded.
他承认该党所奉行的政策现在看起来是错误的。


 


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